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●) 12v DC to 220v AC converter

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12v DC to 220v AC converter:- Principle Behind this Circuit:- The basic idea behind every inverter circuit is to produce oscillations using the given DC and apply these oscillations across the primary of the transformer by amplifying the current. This primary voltage is then stepped up to a higher voltage depending upon the number of turns in primary and secondary coils. Also get an idea about 12V to 24V DC Converter Circuit Inverter circuit Using Transistors A 12V DC to 220 V AC converter can also be designed using simple transistors. It can be used to power lamps up to 35W but can be made to drive more powerful loads by adding more MOSFETS. The inverter implemented in this circuit is a square wave inverter and works with devices that do not require pure sine wave AC. Components required:- 12v Battery MOSFET IRF 630 -2 2N2222 Transistors 2.2uf capacitors-2 Resistor 680 ohm-2 12k-2 12v-220v center tapped step up transformer. 2N2222 Datasheet
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●) Fire alarm

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Components required: Power supply Resistors (1kΩ) Potentiometer (10KΩ) Capacitor (10µF, 16V) BC548 transistor High resistance thermistor (NTC) Diode (1N4001) 6V Buzzer Working of fire alarm circuit Working is based on the switching property of transistor. The thermistor and R1 forms a potential divider network which drives the transistor. The heart of this circuit is a thermistor. Thermistors are low-cost, easily-available temperature sensors widely used for uncomplicated temperature measurements. Thermistors are temperature sensitive resistors. When temperature increases resistance offered by the thermistor decreases and vice versa. At normal temperature, the resistance of the thermistor is around 10kΩ. All resistors vary with temperature, but the semiconductor materials used for thermistors are especially sensitive to temperature. The transistor is turned ON by the voltage drop across the resistor R1. Consider the temperature of the atmosphere is around
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●) Laser Security Alarm Circuit

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Circuit Components IC LM358 555 Timer IC Laser light 150 Ohm, 10K Resistor 10 K POT 220uF capacitor LDR Breadboard 9 Volt Battery and Connector LED Working of Laser Security Alarm Circuit In this circuit we have set reference voltages of comparators by using potentiometer, we can say this sensitivity of the circuit. Comparator is configured in non-inverting mode. In this system we have placed laser light and LDR facing each other, so laser light continuously falls on LDR. Due to this a potential difference generated across the non- inverting pin of comparator, then comparator compare this potential difference with reference voltage and generate a digital output as HIGH. Before this we have configured 555 timer in mono- stable mode so we it required a LOW trigger pulse at its trigger pin to activate buzzer and LED. So we applied output of comparator at trigger pin of 555 timer. Even comparator’s output is HIGH when laser lights falls on LDR so at
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